Cet article est consacré au fragment B23 d’Empédocle, où l’auteur met en relation la génération des espèces vivantes à partir des quatre éléments avec l’art pictural dont les productions résultent des divers mélanges d’un nombre limité de pigments. La première partie aborde la dimension heuristique de l’analogie dans le cadre du récit cosmologique, notamment la question de la correspondance entre comparans et comparandum. À l’intérieur de cette relation, un problème grammatical et théorique retient mon attention : alors que le sujet (...) et les verbes du fragment sont au pluriel, les procédés des peintres sont exprimés par des participes au duel. Ces duels ont souvent été interprétés comme des allusions aux deux puissances cosmiques d’Empédocle, l’Amour et la Haine. Prenant appui sur l’interprétation récente du cycle cosmique donnée par Oliver Primavesi, selon laquelle même dans la période où la Haine domine, l’Amour reste le principe de production des espèces mortelles, je propose d’interpréter les duels comme une allusion aux mains de Cypris, l’une des personnifications du pouvoir démiurgique de l’Amour. En ce sens, la lecture que je propose ici de l’analogie s’avère compatible avec les deux courants interprétatifs principaux de la zoogonie d’Empédocle (unique/double). Dans la deuxième partie de l’article, j’analyse l’écart réflexif que l’analogie des peintres introduit par rapport à deux formes de discours contemporaines d’Empédocle qui thématisent la question de la représentation : d’une part, la tradition lyrique, notamment Simonide et Pindare ; de l’autre, le poème philosophique de Parménide. (shrink)

Les cinq contributions que l’on va lire ont été présentées et discutées lors d’une journée d’étude organisée par Leopoldo Iribarren et André Laks (Centre Léon Robin, UMR 8061) les 11 et 12 février 2011 dans le cadre du programme ANR « Présocratiques Grecs/Présocratiques latins » (ANR Blanc ANR 08‑BLAN‑0063‑01, responsable A. Laks). Couvrant quelques aspects centraux ou représentatifs de la pratique pré‑aristotélicienne de l’analogie et de la réflexion (le plus souvent implicite) dont celle-ci...

The works of the early Greek philosophers are not only a fundamental source for understanding archaic Greek culture and the whole of ancient philosophy, but also a perennially fresh resource that has stimulated Western thought until the present day. This nine-volume edition presents all the major fragments from the sixth to the fourth centuries BC.

Sous la forme d’une vaste question, « Qu’est-ce que la philosophie présocratique? », le premier Symposium Praesocraticum, tenu à Lille en 2000 à l’initiative d’André Laks et publié en 2002 par A. Laks et C. Louguet aux Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, avait analysé la légitimité controversée de cette catégorie de l’historiographie philosophique. Face à la profusion de démarches intellectuelles qui voit le jour dans la Grèce du vie siècle av. J.-C., est-il possible de dégager quelque ch...

Ce volume rassemble une dizaine d’études inédites, précédées d’une préface générale, portant sur l’articulation entre mythe et philosophie dans l’œuvre de Platon. Plus spécifiquement, la question qui intéresse les études ici réunies est celle du rapport complexe entre les récits mythiques que l’on voit apparaître dans les dialogues et le projet proprement philosophique (dialectique) de Platon. Cette question est d’autant plus prégnante que Platon lui-même ne cesse de probléma­tiser la fonctio...

Quelle que soit la démarche adoptée pour rendre compte de l’émergence de la pensée rationnelle en Grèce ancienne, on est nécessairement amené à poser le problème épistémologique de la continuité et de la discontinuité en histoire. D’autant plus lorsqu’il s’agit de déterminer les origines de la rationalité spécifiquement philosophique, dont les procédés spéculatifs et les prétentions universalisantes témoignent à la fois d’un lien et d’une rupture avec les grands récits mythiques qui portent s...

What is the role of Hesiod's poetry in the beginnings of Greek philosophy? This book explores the question by going beyond the traditional responses that stress either continuities or discontinuities between myth and philosophy. Instead, this volume attempts a reflexive or response-oriented approach, that highlights the active re-appropriation and renewal of Hesiodic thought by the Presocratic philosophers. Its fifteen contributions offer large scale comparisons, historiographical considerations, thematic and generic approaches, and detailed case studies.

Le regain d’intérêt de ces derniers temps pour la philosophie présocratique est avant tout perceptible dans le nombre d’ouvrages collectifs importants dont cette période de l’histoire de la pensée fait l’objet depuis une dizaine d’années. Les divers « companions », « handbooks » et autres collections d’études qui lui sont consacrées, sans oublier les actes des Symposia Praesocratica, qui visent l’explora­tion suivie de ce domaine, donnent une idée de la complexification croissante des problém...

A la muerte de Suárez algunos de sus escritos permanecían aún inéditos. De ellos se hablaba ya en las primeras cartas que comunicaban su fallecimiento. Así, el P. Núñez Mascarenhas, superior de la casa de Lisboa donde falleció el insigne teólogo, decía al provincial de la Compañía de Jesús en el reino de Aragón: "El P. Suárez se había recogido en el Noviciado para preparar la impresión de varios volúmenes: primero, el De Angelis; segundo, el De opere sex dierum [en (...) adelante, DOSD]; tercero, De fide; cuarto y quinto, De gratia y De auxiliis; sexto y séptimo, De statu religionis; octavo, De voluntario et involuntario"3. (shrink)

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo proponer una perspectiva crítica que permita un análisis filosófico del arte que fue desarrollada a partir de una lectura de El arte como experiencia de John Dewey. Para ello, recupero en primer lugar dos conceptos centrales, arte y experiencia, para desarrollar luego tres conceptos subsidiarios, expresión, comunicación y educación de la sensibilidad.

British Journal for the History of Philosophy, Volume 21, Issue 1, Page 201-203, January 2013.

When we talk about Presocratic philosophy, we are speaking about the origins of Greek philosophy and Western rationality itself. But what exactly does it mean to talk about “Presocratic philosophy” in the first place? How did early Greek thinkers come to be considered collectively as Presocratic philosophers? In this brief book, André Laks provides a history of the influential idea of Presocratic philosophy, tracing its historical and philosophical significance and consequences, from its ancient antecedents to its full crystallization in (...) the modern period and its continuing effects today. Laks examines ancient Greek and Roman views about the birth of philosophy before turning to the eighteenth-century emergence of the term “Presocratics” and the debates about it that spanned the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He analyzes the intellectual circumstances that led to the idea of Presocratic philosophy—and what was and is at stake in the construction of the notion. The book closes by comparing two models of the history of philosophy—the phenomenological, represented by Hans-Georg Gadamer, and the rationalist, represented by Ernst Cassirer—and their implications for Presocratic philosophy, as well as other categories of philosophical history. Other figures discussed include Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, Diogenes Laertius, Schleiermacher, Hegel, Nietzsche, Max Weber, and J.-P. Vernant. Challenging standard histories of Presocratic philosophy, the book calls for a reconsideration of the conventional story of early Greek philosophy and Western rationality. (shrink)

Este livro instala-se no território do pensamento queer para cartografar suas linhas de constituição. Em movimentos abertos de experimentação, composição, montagem e desmontagem, Rafael Leopoldo lança o seu olhar nos entre-lugares das geografias dissidentes, criando um mapa possível da teoria queer. Trata-se, é preciso dizer, de um mapa aberto e em movimento. Um mapa de fluxos, devires, extratos, linhas de fuga, poderes e resistências. Uma escrita-menor que forja possibilidades potentes para compreender e analisar o pensamento queer nas paisagens micropolíticas (...) do presente."--Back cover. (shrink)

The United Nations’ increasing involvement in global sustainability culminated in 2015 with the release of the 2030 Agenda. This agenda puts businesses in the spotlight, and their innovation and stakeholder partnering activities are portrayed as essential strategies for achieving an ambitious set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals. In this study, we identify six distinct dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies—resilient specialists, opportunity explorers, uncommitted diversifiers, rainbow warriors, rainbow washers, and progressive learners—and distinguish two approaches to innovate, depending on the range of SDG (...) targets aimed to achieve simultaneously. On the one hand, for firms that take a narrow approach intended to achieve a reduced set of SDG targets, we predict that successful dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies are those that end up with an intensive collaboration with a reduced number of stakeholder groups. On the other hand, for firms adopting a broad innovation approach to satisfy a wide set of SDG targets, we predict that successful dynamic stakeholder engagement strategies are those that end up interacting with a wide number of stakeholder groups. Longitudinal analysis of more than 3900 Spanish firms supports our predictions and suggests clear implications for responsible innovation research and the advancement of sustainable development through collaboration. (shrink)

An argument for why Plato’s Laws can be considered his most important political dialogue In Plato's Second Republic, André Laks argues that the Laws, Plato’s last and longest dialogue, is also his most important political work, surpassing the Republic in historical relevance. Laks offers a thorough reappraisal of this less renowned text, and examines how it provides a critical foundation for the principles of lawmaking. In doing so, he makes clear the tremendous impact the Laws had not only (...) on political philosophy, but also on modern political history. Laks shows how the four central ideas in the Laws—the corruptibility of unchecked power, the rule of law, a “middle” constitution, and the political necessity of legislative preambles—are articulated within an intricate and masterful literary architecture. He reveals how the work develops a theological conception of law anchored in political ideas about a god, divine reason, that is the measure of political order. Laks’s reading opens a complex analysis of the relationships between rulers and citizens; their roles in a political system; the power of reason and persuasion, as opposed to force, in commanding obedience; and the place of freedom. Plato's Second Republic presents a sophisticated reevaluation of a philosophical work that has exerted an enormous if often hidden influence even into the present day. (shrink)

En torno a una filosofía americana -- Dos etapas en el pensamiento de Hispanoamérica -- Autopercepción intelectual de un proceso histórico -- América y su posible filosofía -- La participación intelectual en la política -- Palabras de Leopoldo Zea al recibir el Premio Gabriela Mistral -- Filosofía, ideología y política en América Latina -- Cronología de Leopoldo Zea -- Bibliografía de y sobre Leopoldo Zea.

The first is of a more historical nature, the second of philosophical concern: what was the place occupied by angels in the medieval world-view and what was ...

El canon literario implica un proceso de selección sistemático y jerárquico de escritores, obras y géneros con el fin de delimitar un corpus modélico imitableligado fuertemente a la instrucción pedagógica. En el presente trabajo se analizará el particular proceso de formación y conformación del canon –así como surecepción y transformación respecto de los cánones previos– establecido por Quintiliano en el Libro 10 de la Institutio Oratoria, a fin de demostrar que los criterios de selección que guían dicho canon exceden la (...) mera función didáctica. (shrink)

Does Anaxagoras admit that the world is destructible? Aëtius’ doxographical handbook says as much, and so does a doxographical scholion derived from Alexander of Aphrodisias’ lost commentary on Aristotle’sPhysics(Frag. 539 Rashed) according to the transmitted text. However, because of other difficulties occurring in the same scholion, Rashed was led to correct not only this text, thus making it contradict Aëtius’ testimony, but also the entry dedicated to Plato. My article suggests that while Rashed’s corrections are superfluous, the problems that triggered (...) them are of great interest for the history of the doxographical tradition, for the way in which this tradition was used by Alexander of Aphrodisias and Simplicius in their commentaries on Aristotle’sPhysicsand, last but not least, for the understanding of the difficulties that ancient interpreters had to confront when they had to make sense of the lines now known as Anaxagoras B12 DK – difficulties that modern interpreters have still to confront. (shrink)

Le terme de « rationalisation », qui renvoie à un processus menant de l’« irrationnel » au « rationnel », prend deux valeurs opposées, selon que le processus en question est considéré comme objectif ou subjectif, légitime ou non. Le développement d’une nouvelle forme de rationalité en Grèce ancienne (la philosophie) et son historiographie postérieure présentent souvent des tensions intéressantes entre les deux options. Avons-nous affaire au « phénomèn » originel, dont la raison, malgré qu’elle en ait, doit s’accommoder, ou (...) déjà à des utilisations et transpositions, qui font « référence » à des prétentions ou des types de pensée traditionnels ? L’article étudie sous ce rapport deux cas célèbres : la description fantastique que donne Parménide de son voyage chez la Déesse dans le proème de son poème et l’autoportrait d’Empédocle en « magicien » dans un de ses fragments, pour suggérer, contre certaines tendances récentes de l’interprétation, qu’ils répondent tous deux à la seconde hypothèse. (shrink)

The contemplation of the heavenly vault suggests to any generalizing intelligence the idea of the world suspended within this concavity. During rude barbaric times such as the High Middle Ages – the records of which are precious in this respect – it was thought that this vault rested on the surface of the Earth like a glass bell. And when experience gained firstly by terrestrial travels and afterwards by circumnavigation showed that this was a delusory phenomenon and, at the same (...) time, that the Earth was an autonomous sphere floating within space, the [heavenly] vault became in turn a hollow and translucent sphere containing the concentric world, like the white of an egg surrounding the yolk. Cosmological experience then revealed that the stars were situated at different heights in the supposed vault, which compelled imagining new concentric spheres. Finally, it was discovered that there are neither such spheres nor such a vault; that the amplification and multiplicity of the latter were illusions – as was the concave aspect of the sky – and that the space enclosing the universe is an abyss. (shrink)

Cet article cherche à retracer quelques-uns des éléments à la fois empiriques, historiques et sociologiques de la Sociologie de la musique de Max Weber. Même si ce dernier s'intéresse en premier lieu au processus de rationalisation qui traverse la civilisation occidentale, sa Sociologie de la musique est fondée sur l'idée de médium technique, qu'il explore dans plusieurs directions différentes. Nous revisitons ici cette idée au moyen de quelques exemples tirés de la musique occidentale et en particulier du répertoire romantique pour (...) le piano. (shrink)

Estas notas de ánimo ensayístico tienen como objetivo establecer relaciones entre la experiencia, la memoria y la escritura, y el rescate de esta relación que realiza la lectura. De esta manera, a través del análisis de las figuras benjaminianas del flâneur, el narrador, el coleccionista, el historiador, el alegorista, se buscará identificar a diferentes “lectores” de la modernidad, “documentalistas” que dan cuenta de las marcas de la experiencia en la memoria y de una temporalidad suspendida que actualiza presente y pasado (...) en una imagen que se presenta como una narración de la realidad que articula el mundo como texto. (shrink)

Hegel's often-echoed verdict on the apolitical character of philosophy in the Hellenistic age is challenged in this collection of new essays, originally presented at the sixth meeting of the Symposium Hellenisticum. An international team of leading scholars reveals a vigorous intellectual scene of great diversity: analyses of political leadership and the Roman constitution in Aristotelian terms; Cynic repudiation of the polis - but accommodation with its rulers; Stoic and Epicurean theories of justice as the foundation of society; Cicero's moral critique (...) of the traditional political pursuit of glory. The volume as a whole offers a fresh and comprehensive guide to the main currents of social and political philosophy in a period of increasing interest to classicists, philosophers and cultural and intellectual historians. (shrink)

Se postula la posibilidad de una cierta performance del espacio en la teoría de las esferas de Sloterdijk. Dicha performance sería un acto de convertibilidad ontotecnológica, que remplaza la noción ortodoxa de un espacio de naturaleza euclidiana por la de una espacialidad gobernada por la promesa de la disciplina del diseño o Air design. De este modo, el ser-en-esferas de Sloterdijk se comprendería mejor como seren-el-aire, sobre todo si se considera que la ascesis del Homo sapiens actual sugiere una climatización (...) centrada en el confort del termotopo y en una gestión tecnológica del aire. Por lo mismo, y recurriendo a uno de los argumentos mitológicos del filósofo germano, el concepto de atmoterrorismo (o guerra enfocada en la toxicidad del ambiente) podría entenderse perfectamente como una suerte de venganza titanotécnica fruto del robo del fuego epistémico sagrado. (shrink)

La desinformación es un virus que avanza de forma imparable. Grandes empresas de alimentación que desorientan al consumidor con datos confusos, compañías telefónicas con tarifas llenas de cláusulas abusivas, bancos que colocan productos financieros incomprensibles. Ejemplos de una trama orquestada para manipular, confundir y, en última instancia, engañar deliberadamente al ciudadano. Max Otte expone los mecanismos de la desinformación cotidiana y explica cómo conducen hacia un colapso social generalizado. Así, señala a los principales propagadores, periodistas y políticos al servicio de (...) los departamentos de comunicación y marketing de grandes empresas, y da indicaciones concretas para que la población recupere su soberanía sobre la información. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende mostrar que, para Kant, a psicologia empírica deve ocupar um lugar análogo ao dafísica empírica. Isso pode ser explicado levando-se em consideração a distinção entre uma ciência da natureza genuína , que não seria possível para a psicologia, e uma ciência natural não-genuína a qual caracterizaria a psicologia como uma ciênciaempírica. Defende-se que Kant deixou um fio condutor para a construção dessa psicologia empírica, seja indicandoum quadro transcendental – não no que se refere à formulação de uma (...) psicologia racional, mas caracterizável pelaaplicabilidade dos princípios do entendimento teórico a seus objetos, seja oferecendo um quadro heurístico para apesquisa empírica dos objetos dados ao sentido interno. Ao final, demonstra-se que grande parte das propostas deuma psicologia científica pós-Kant está construída sob influência desse quadro kantiano, ainda que existam concep-ções de psicologia empírica elaboradas fora desse quadro. The article intends to show that Kant considers that empirical psychology should occupy a place analogous to empirical physics. This can be explained taking into consideration the distinction between a genuine naturalscience, an a priori science, which would not be possible for psychology, and a non-genuine natural science, a natural history that furnishes only empirical laws regarding its objects, which would categorize psychology as an empirical science. It is defended that Kant provided a guideline for the construction of such an empirical psychology,indicating a transcendental framework, not in that which refers to the formulation of a rational psychology, but characterized by the applicability of principles of theoretical understanding of its objects, offering a heuristic frameworkfor the empirical research of the given data based on their internal meaning. Finally, it is indicated that a great partof the proposals of scientific psychology post – Kant are constructed under the influence of this Kantian framework,even though there exist concepts of empirical psychology that are elaborated beyond this framework. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende analisar a natureza e a função da teoria metapsicológica na psicanálise freudiana. Mostra-se que a teoria psicanalítica de Freud é composta por uma parte empírica - a sua psicologia dos fatos clínicos - e outra, especulativa - a metapsicologia. Esta última é considerada por ele uma superestrutura especulativa de valor apenas heurístico, passível de ser substituída por outras superestruturas do mesmo tipo. Sustenta-se, ainda, que sua metapsicologia é fruto do método especulativo, cujos fundamentos foram elaborados por filósofos (...) e epistemólogos anteriores a Freud, entre eles Immanuel Kant e Ernst Mach. O artigo finaliza com algumas considerações sobre o futuro da teorização do tipo metapsicológica, explicitando críticas feitas à metapsicologia freudiana, tanto por filósofos quanto por psicanalistas, e apontando para a perspectiva, aberta por Donald W. Winnicott, de uma psicanálise sem metapsicologia.This article seeks to analyze the nature and function of metapsychological theory in Freudian psychoanalysis. It will show that Freudian psychoanalytic theory is composed of an empirical part - the psychology of clinical facts - and a speculative part - metapsychology. Freud considers this latter part as being a speculative superstructure of value that is only heuristic, capable of being substituted by other superstructures of the same type. This article sustains the idea that this metapsychology is the fruit of speculative method, whose foundations were elaborated by philosophers and epistemologists before Freud, including Immanuel Kant and Ernst Mach. The article concludes with considerations regarding the future of metapsychological theorization, presenting criticisms of Freudian metapsychology offered by both philosophers and psychoanalysts, and pointing to the open perspective of Donald W. Winnicott of a psychoanalysis without metapsychology. (shrink)

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